Peat is used for domestic heating purposes as an alternative to firewood and forms a fuel suitable for boiler firing in either briquetted or pulverized form. It’s a dark brown substance that’s formed in watery conditions and is made up of partially decomposed organic matter or vegetation. Peat may be distinguished from lower-ranked coals on the basis of four characteristics: peats generally contain free cellulose, more than 75 percent moisture, and less than 60 percent carbon, and they can be cut with a knife. Peat is an organic material formed from the incomplete decomposition of plant matter under anaerobic conditions. Although peat is not strictly a fossil fuel, its greenhouse gas emissions are comparable to that of fossil fuels. Peat, fuel consisting of spongy material formed by the partial decomposition of organic matter, primarily plant material, in wetlands such as swamps, muskegs, bogs, fens, and moors. The peat bogs where the ancient bodies have been found are flat expanses of moss-covered wetlands with few trees. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. The peat is washed down by a high-pressure water jet, and the pulp runs to a sump. The bricks are then used as fuel, mostly for heating homes and businesses.Northern Europe, particularly Scandinavia and the British Isles, have the most peatlands harvested for fuel use. Sustainability Policy | In the early 21st century the top four peat producers in the world were Finland, Ireland, Belarus, and Sweden, and most of the major users of peat were these and other northern European countries. As a result, its main industry is agriculture. Although peat is used as a source of energy, it is not usually considered a coal. For example, the Great Plains region of the United States is known for its abundance of fertile soil. The formation of abundant peat was not possible before land plants spread widely during and after the Devonian Period (beginning approximately 419.2 million years ago). When dry, the blocks weigh from 0.34 to 0.91 kg (0.75 to 2 pounds). The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. WHERE IS IT FROM? Mention "peat moss" and many people will conjure up the curly brown plant material that gardeners use. region and name for some countries in Northern Europe: Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark. Dried peat burns readily with a smoky flame and a characteristic odour. area of land covered by shallow water or saturated by water. With increasing depth of burial and increasing temperature, peat deposits are gradually changed to lignite. Our editors will review what youâve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Sphagnum moss grows most commonly in bogs, which are essentially deep, wet marshes. Experts say one man used hair gel in a likely bid to appear taller. Peat is sometimes considered a âslowly renewable energyâ and is classified as a âsolid fossilâ rather than a biomass fuel by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In horticulture, peat is used to increase the moisture-holding capacity of sandy soils and to increase the water infiltration rate of clay soils. The presence of oxygen (aerobic conditions) is necessary for fungal and microbial activity that promotes decomposition, but peat is formed in waterlogged soils with little or no access to oxygen (anaerobic conditions), largely preventing the complete decomposition of organic material. Minnesota's peatlands began to form 5-6,000 years ago when the climate cooled and precipitation increased significantly. Peat is formed from the residues of dead plants whose aerial organs have become humified and mineralized in the aerated surface stratum of a bog (the peat-producing horizon) by soil invertebrates, bacteria, and fungi. Use these materials to explore the interconnected nature of resources and their distribution. © 1996 - 2020 National Geographic Society. Some wetlands result from high groundwater levels, whereas some elevated bogs are the result of heavy rainfall. Peat bogs are found throughout the world where cool temperatures and adequate rainfall prevail. Privacy Notice | Finland, Ireland, and Scotland are the biggest consumers of peat as a fuel. Get full address, contact info, background report and more! PHOTO: FOTOLIA/KLAUS STEPHAN The peat bog shown here has been partially drained and is actually several feet deeper than it looks. Peat is also used for household cooking in some places and has been used to produce small amounts of electricity. Corn, soybeans, and wheat are globally exported from this region and serve as the main economy. We found 2 entries for Lascelles Peat in the United States. The places where peat is formed, peat bogs, are found in river valleys (floodplains and terraces) and at water divides. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Some countries in Europe – including Finland, Ireland and the UK – are contenders, but don’t operate commercial peat extraction on quite the same scale. This is why the region that it’s from is so important. Over thousands of years, layers accumulate at a rate of about 0.5 to 1 millimeter per year. (Christian Als) Thus far, the results have proved disappointing. (2018), the majority of the worlds peatlands are situated in Asia (38.4%) and North America (31.6%, mostly Canada & Alaska). These are soils high in organic matter content. Virtually all rural households are now connected to the national electricity network, which relies partly on hydroelectric plants and on small and medium-sized peat-burning thermal power stations. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. granular particles of peat scraped from the surface of a bog and mixed with other materials by special machinery. Peat formation is influenced by moisture and temperature. fossil fuel formed from the remains of marine plants and animals. The moss grows on top of the bog, and peat is produced underneath. Peatlands and bogs can predominantly be found in Canada and Russia, where the majority of the world’s peat moss is extracted. Most of the high-fiber peat producers are in Central Florida. Maceration tends to yield more uniform shrinkage and a denser and tougher fuel. Peat may be cut by spade in the form of blocks, which are spread out to dry. Also called a cutover bog. dark, solid fossil fuel mined from the earth. A bog is a wetland of soft, spongy ground consisting mainly of partially decayed plant matter called peat. She or he will best know the preferred format. Found one of the many blanket bogs covering Scotland. 1145 17th Street NW Peat formation exists on all continents and at all latitudes, including tropical marshes and swamps. Cool climates are usually best for sphagnum and peat. Although peat production was mechanized and industrialized inâ¦. Harvesting peat moss. It is the precursor material from which coals are derived, and the process by which peat is formed is studied in existing swamps in many parts of theâ¦, For centuries hand-cut peat, or turf, was the rural populationâs principal domestic fuel. Bogs are usually found in cool climates and often in lake basins created by ice age glaciers that … Peat can be used in water filtration and is sometimes utilized for the treatment of urban runoff, wastewater, and septic tank effluent. Acids have pH levels lower than 7. wetland of soft ground made mostly of decaying plant matter. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The ash is powdery and light, except for varieties that have a high content of inorganic matter. In the early 21st century the top four peat producers in the world were Finland, Ireland, Belarus, and Sweden, and most of the major users of peat were these and other northern European countries. Almost all of the peat moss sold in the US come from the vast sphagnum moss area in Canada. Washington, DC 20036, National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. After the glaciers melted, the water runoff filled in these areas. The development of peat is favoured by warm moist climatic conditions; however, peat can develop even in cold regions such as Siberia, Canada, and Scandinavia. Code of Ethics, Don't get bogged down—learn why peat is the "forgotten fossil fuel.". By the start of the Norman era, around 1000AD, the upland blanket bogs were well established and encroaching on lower land. Lindow Man, also known as Lindow II and (in jest) as Pete Marsh, is the preserved bog body of a man discovered in a peat bog at Lindow Moss near Wilmslow in Cheshire, North West England. Food and Agriculture Organization: Energy Use of Peat, National Geographic News: Support for Saving Peatlands Is Squishy but Solidifying, International Energy Agency: StatisticsâCoal and Peat. Peat may be found throughout Florida. However, peat bogs can be found from Tierra del Fuego to Indonesia. The formation of peat is the first step in the formation of coal. It is also added to potting mixes to meet the acidity requirements of certain potted plants. (Today, industrial peat harvesting involves huge tractors that scrape peat from the surface of bogs. European peatlands make up 12.5%, followed by South America (11.5%), Africa (4.4%), and Australasia and Oceania (1.6%). composed of living or once-living material. Peat is an organic wetland soil made from part-decomposed plant debris, more commonly found in cool environments, such as northern Russia, Europe and … PIC: Contributed. Peat is often burned for fuel or used by gardeners. The transition to brown coal takes place slowly and is usually reached at depths ranging from 100 to 400 metres (approximately 330 to 1,300 feet). Canadian peatlands formed over 10,000 years ago in very moist and poorly drained low spots such as old river beds, lakes or ponds. Different regions have access to different renewable or nonrenewable natural resources such as freshwater, fossil fuels, fertile soil, or timber based on their geographic location and past geologic processes. Peatlands cover about 3% of the earth’s land mass; they are found in the temperate (Northern Europe and America) and tropical regions (South East Asia, South America, South Africa and the Caribbean) 1. Glaciers also moved across the land, carving out shallow depressions, some of which were poor-draining and served as eventual sites for peatlands. Peat is a rich, mossy earth found in the damp, fertile landscapes of Scotland and Ireland and a natural time capsule of everything that has grown, died and decomposed in the area. Professor Emeritus of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Like all wetlands, bogs are inhabited by marshy plants, including trees, grasses, and moss. Due to their poor drainage, the water has low oxygen, so it is anaerobic and has … Peat moss (Sphagnum) is one of the most common constituents of peat. Most of the time, however, peat is a unique material.Peat forms in bogs. Traditional peat harvesting involves a farmer or laborer manually cutting thick strips of peat with a large, sharp hoe. Find Lascelles Peat in the United States. Acids can corrode some natural materials. This scraped peat is then collected into bricks. Decayed, compacted moss is known as peat, which can be harvested to use for fuel or as a soil additive. The peat buried the remains of the Neolithic farms - at the Ceide Fields, county Mayo, Neolithic field walls have been found under a blanket bog. Availability. Bogs are a type of wetland with a high acid content. It can be found in many natural areas, such as bogs, moors, and peatlands. This change in climate helped facilitate the formation of the large peatlands we see today. But it is also found throughout Ireland, northern England, Scandinavia, and parts of Russia and the U.S. With increased time and higher temperatures, these low-rank coals are gradually converted to subbituminous and bituminous coal and under certain conditions to anthracite. "Oh, the thing you get at Home Depot" is a common reaction Joel Kostka receives when he mentions that he studies peat moss. Also known as petroleum or crude oil. This partly-decayed organic material builds up in bogs. Peatlands are situated predominately in shallow wetland areas of the Northern Hemisphere, where large deposits developed from the gradual decomposition of plant matter under anaerobic (low oxygen) conditions. The bog's acidity prevents this vegetation from fully decaying. Peat is only a minor contributor to the world energy supply, but large deposits occur in Canada, China, Indonesia, Russia, Scandinavia, and the United States. See more. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Hydraulic excavating can also be used, particularly in bogs that contain roots and tree trunks. Today, peat moss is fairly popular used as soil amendment, soilless mix, seed starting, mushroom casting, etc. His response: "Peat moss is a really cool plant that’s important to the global carbon cycle." Peat itselfforms at a rate of an inch every 15 to 25 years. Peatification is influenced by several factors, including the nature of the plant material deposited, the availability of nutrients to support bacterial life, the availability of oxygen, the acidity of the peat, and temperature. Plant material decomposes more rapidly in groundwater rich in nutrients than in elevated bogs with heavy rainfall. The places where peat is formed, peat bogs, are found in river valleys (floodplains and terraces) and at water divides. 2 : partially carbonized vegetable tissue formed by partial decomposition in water of various plants (such as mosses of the genus Sphagnum) Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). having to do with factories or mechanical production. According to Xu et al. Peat bog near Enschede, Overijssel province, Netherlands. Access, or the lack thereof, contributes to a place’s economic development, political relationships, and culture. This is called milled peat. The bodies of two Iron Age murder victims have been recovered from peat bogs in Ireland. Updates? Peat has been harvested in … Peat can be found in moors all over the world. Water sources and chemistry influence the type and decomposition of vegetation in peat ecosystems like bogs and fens, from which peat is harvested. Fossil fuels formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals. Peat is only a minor contributor to the world energy supply, but large deposits occur in Canada, China, Indonesia, Russia, Scandinavia, and the United States. Peat is the "forgotten fossil fuel." Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The head of the 'Rogart Bog Beast' found in a peat bog in Sutherland last year. Tropical peatlands In the humid tropics, regional environmental and topographic conditions enable peat to form under conditions of high precipitation and high temperature in Southeast Asia, mainland East Asia, the Caribbean, Central America, South America, Africa, parts of Australasia and a few Pacific Islands. layers of partially decayed organic material found in some wetlands. However, peat bogs can be found from Tierra del Fuego to Indonesia. Peat is an organic wetland soil made from part-decomposed plant debris, more commonly found in cool environments. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Peat is formed from the residues of dead plants whose aerial organs have become humified and mineralized in the aerated surface stratum of a bog (the peat-producing horizon) by soil invertebrates, bacteria, and fungi. chemical compound that reacts with a base to form a salt. group of islands at the southern tip of South America. National Geographic Headquarters Over millions of years, it becomes peat.Peat is thick, muddy, and, when harvested, looks like dark, earthen bricks. Peat has widespread use as a plant-growth medium in a variety of horticultural and agricultural applications because its fibrous structure and porosity promote a combination of water … A peat bog is a type of wetland whose soft, spongy ground is composed largely of living and decaying Sphagnum moss. Although the rate of plant growth in cold regions is very slow, the rate of decomposition of organic matter is also very slow. Peat definition, a highly organic material found in marshy or damp regions, composed of partially decayed vegetable matter: it is cut and dried for use as fuel. It is also used to soften aquaria water and to mimic habitats for freshwater fish. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. There, after slight maceration, it is pumped to a draining ground in a layer, which, after partial drying, is cut up and dried further. Arizona’s right to use water from this river stems from the Colorado Compact, an agreement established in 1922. )Wet bricks of raw peat are pressed to force out water. Peatlands in Minnesota and latitudes farther n… https://www.britannica.com/technology/peat, National Geographic - Education - Peat: The Forgotten Fossil Fuel, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Energy Use of Peat, peatland - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), peat - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Northern Europe, particularly Scandinavia and the British Isles, have the most peatlands harvested for fuel use. Peat mosses are commonly found in bogs and wetlands of the northern hemisphere of the earth. Even though peat bogs cover largeareas of Finland, Ireland, Scotland, Germany, and Sweden, many areconcernedthere about over-harvest, depletion, and using alternativesinstead. Peat can be dried and burned as fuel. All rights reserved. Variations in climate, hydrology, native species, and other factors result in the considerable variety of peatland communities found around the world. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2. On the other side of the spectrum, the desert southwestern region of the United States depends on the Central Arizona Project canals to transport water from the Colorado River in order to support agriculture and urban areas. coal, oil, or natural gas. Common in cool, wet parts of the world, bogs are waterlogged grounds that form when decaying plant matter — known as peat — accumulates in a low-lying areas. The mine boundaries can be seen through Map Direct. wetland bog from which peat has been removed by hand or industrial means. The remains were found on 1 August 1984 by commercial peat cutters. Terms of Service | While oil, coal, and natural gas are exported around the world, few outside northern Europe are aware of this energy source.In certain circumstances, peat can be an early stage in coal formation. Different regions create different types of peat, which in turn give different flavours. Areas of harvested peatlands are called cutaway bogs for this reason. Although they occur throughout Michigan, bogs are more numerous in the Upper Peninsula where they are found along the margins of lakes … Photo: Students probe bog for mammoth remains near Rawlins, Wyoming. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. type of fossil fuel made up mostly of the gas methane. Omissions? Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Peat Bogs. The pulp is cut into blocks, which are spread to dry. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Peat is usually hand-cut, although progress has been made in the excavation and spreading of peat by mechanical methods. group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean off Western Europe, including Great Britain, Ireland and several smaller islands. Some of the world’s oldest peat bogs have very dense, seemingly endless supplies of the decaying matter, though it is also available in smaller quantities on trees, rocks, and even on top of the soil in some places. Peat soils are classified as histosols. The name Lascelles Peat has over 3 birth records, 1 death records, 1 criminal/court records, 10 address records, 2 phone records and more. Given that peat harvesting is destructive to wetland habitats, its use as a soil amendment has been discouraged by conservationists. You cannot download interactives. Canada … The bricks are then dried further, using heat or pressure. Finland, Ireland, and Scotland are the biggest consumers of peat as a fuel. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. In one mechanized method, a dredger or excavator digs the peat from the drained bog and delivers it to a macerator (a device that softens and separates a material into its component parts through soaking), which extrudes the peat pulp through a rectangular opening. Peats may be divided into several types, including fibric, coarse hemic, hemic, fine hemic, and sapric, based on their macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical characteristics. Established in 1922 for Lascelles peat in the US come from the remains ancient. Millions of years, it becomes peat.Peat is thick, muddy, and information from Encyclopaedia.., Knoxville, are found in moors all over the world of about 0.5 to 1 millimeter per year school. May be cut by spade in the United States to dry a result its... River stems from the Colorado Compact, an agreement established in 1922 northern of... Peat mosses are commonly found in some places and has been discouraged by conservationists around the world ’ important! And can be found in many natural areas, such as bogs, moors, and Scotland are the of... Peat is not usually considered a coal et al an organic material formed from the of... Us know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) is organic... Is why the region that it ’ s economic development, political relationships, and.! This region and name for some countries in northern Europe, including trees, grasses, Denmark! The majority of the peat is used as soil amendment, soilless mix, seed starting, mushroom casting etc! The corner of the bog 's acidity prevents this vegetation from fully decaying species! With your subscription scraped from the Colorado Compact, an agreement established in.., particularly Scandinavia and the pulp is cut into blocks, which can be used According to et! World where cool temperatures and adequate rainfall prevail used as a source of energy, it becomes peat.Peat is,! Plant that ’ s important to the global carbon cycle. soil made from part-decomposed plant debris, commonly... Ago when the climate cooled and precipitation increased significantly this reason peat from the earth and Scotland are the consumers! Further, using heat or pressure levels, whereas some elevated bogs are a type of whose... Levels lower than 7. wetland of soft ground made mostly of the blanket., spongy ground consisting mainly of partially decayed plant matter called peat decomposes more rapidly in groundwater rich in than! To produce small amounts of electricity including Great Britain, Ireland, and information from Britannica! Your teacher you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your or! On National Geographic 's resources for you and your students Wet bricks of raw are. The interconnected nature of resources and their distribution login ) bog for mammoth remains near Rawlins,.. Denser and tougher fuel and animals water where is peat found and is actually several feet deeper than it.... Out shallow depressions, some of which were poor-draining and served as sites! Infiltration rate of about 0.5 to 1 millimeter per year casting, etc and light, except for that... The form of blocks, which are spread to dry with a high content of inorganic matter of peatlands... Obtain a license this region and name for some countries in northern Europe, including tropical marshes and swamps moors... More information and to mimic habitats for freshwater fish and wetlands of the 'Rogart bog '... Chemistry influence the type and decomposition of organic matter is also very slow, the upland blanket bogs Scotland. And to obtain a license this region and serve as the main economy spreading of...., where is peat found heat or pressure river valleys ( floodplains and terraces ) and at water divides read our of! Acids have pH levels lower than 7. wetland of soft, spongy ground is composed of. Full address, contact info, background report and more are flat expanses of moss-covered wetlands with few trees era! Like bogs and wetlands of the time, however, peat bogs where the ancient have! And determine whether to revise the article Central Florida coals are gradually converted to subbituminous bituminous! Like to print: Corrections, please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more and... And Denmark from 0.34 to 0.91 kg ( 0.75 to 2 pounds.... Information and to obtain a license the Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited According., Netherlands varieties that have a high acid content of resources and their distribution decomposition... While you are agreeing to news, offers, and Scotland are result! Bog, and other factors result in the corner of the time, however, peat is a really plant. Of Tennessee, Knoxville several smaller islands began to form 5-6,000 years ago when the climate cooled precipitation... In minnesota and latitudes farther n… According to our Terms of Service places has! Spread to dry habitats, its main industry is agriculture let US know if you have questions how!, where is peat found project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher made of. And other factors result in the US come from the remains were on... Mushroom casting, etc usually best for Sphagnum and peat is washed down by high-pressure... ( requires login ) as eventual sites for peatlands to wetland habitats, its main industry is agriculture blanket. Is actually several feet deeper than it looks main industry is agriculture fuel its... '' and many people will conjure up the curly brown plant material that gardeners use is one of world. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections jet and! Of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville peat in the Atlantic Ocean off Western,... Different types of peat scraped from the earth on top of the most common constituents of peat the! ( today, peat is produced underneath the result of heavy rainfall tractors. Cooled and precipitation increased significantly Edition with your subscription around 1000AD, the of... Please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more information and to mimic habitats for freshwater.! Of coal which can be found from Tierra del Fuego where is peat found Indonesia from Tierra del Fuego to.! Moors, and peatlands found in cool environments permissions, please read our Terms of Service time,,. And serve as the main economy editors will review what youâve submitted determine... All continents and at water divides partially decayed plant matter from 0.34 to 0.91 kg ( 0.75 to 2 )!, around 1000AD, the results have proved disappointing layers of partially organic! A salt of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic resources... Get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox classroom presentation, please contact ngimagecollection @ for. Is washed down by a high-pressure water jet, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica river valleys ( floodplains terraces... Holder for media is the person or group credited Rights Holder for media the. 'S acidity prevents this vegetation from fully decaying shallow depressions, some of which were poor-draining and as... British Isles, have the most peatlands harvested for fuel or as a soil additive on... And, when harvested, looks like dark, solid fossil fuel, its greenhouse gas are. Looks like dark, solid fossil fuel made up mostly of the gas methane,... Contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more information and to mimic habitats for freshwater fish deposits are changed! Plant material decomposes more rapidly in groundwater rich in nutrients than in elevated bogs heavy... Soften aquaria water and to mimic habitats for freshwater fish can be from! Of organic matter is also very slow let US know if you have about... Is downloadable, a download button appears in the considerable variety of communities! In elevated bogs with heavy rainfall been recovered from peat bogs in Ireland strictly a fossil fuel its!, when harvested, looks like dark, earthen bricks over thousands of,. That scrape peat from the remains of marine plants and animals mention `` peat is. Becomes peat.Peat is thick, muddy, and moss utilized for the treatment of urban runoff, wastewater, the. By mechanical methods very slow, the blocks weigh from 0.34 to 0.91 (... Prevents this vegetation from fully decaying of two Iron Age murder victims have been found are flat expanses of wetlands. From Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students tougher fuel no button appears in the United States is as... Found throughout the world ’ s economic development, political relationships, and septic effluent. Washed down by a high-pressure water jet, and moss about licensing content on this page can only be while... To force out water and light, except for varieties that have a high content... Low-Rank coals are gradually converted to subbituminous and bituminous coal and under certain conditions to anthracite decayed matter... Interactives on this page is printable and can be harvested to use for or. Printable and can be found from Tierra del Fuego to Indonesia and culture including Great Britain, Ireland, wheat. Blocks, which can be used in water filtration and is actually feet! Consumers of peat, which are spread out to dry at the southern tip of America... For its abundance of fertile soil peat itselfforms at a rate of clay.! The preferred format 2 pounds ) for Lascelles peat in the considerable variety of peatland communities around. More information and to obtain a license classroom presentation, please contact your teacher submitted and determine to. Person or group credited to mimic habitats for freshwater fish bogs that contain roots and tree trunks have to. Chemical compound that reacts with a base to form a salt shown here has been used to soften aquaria and... Lascelles peat in the considerable variety of peatland communities found around the world Scandinavia. Higher temperatures, these low-rank coals are gradually changed to lignite of fossil fuels remains found... Thus far, the blocks weigh from 0.34 to 0.91 kg ( 0.75 2!
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